Final of Essay 4!!!

The Atomic Bomb was Justified

            The commonly accepted definition of an Atomic Bomb is a bomb that is powered by nuclear fission and thereafter produces a fast release of energy and superior destruction (Gode). The United States was the first country to use the Atomic Bomb. The first Atomic Bomb was dropped on august 6^th 1945 on the Japanese city of Hiroshima (World War II: Timeline”). Another Atomic Bomb was dropped just three days later on August 9^th 1945 on the Japanese city of Nagasaki (“The Atomic Bomb and the End of World War II”).  Each bomb had their own name, the bomb dropped on Hiroshima was called “Little Boy” and the bomb dropped on Nagasaki was called “Fat Man” (Weber). The President at the time of the dropping of the Atomic Bomb was Harry S. Truman. Truman said in regard to the Atomic Bomb “Its seems to be the most terrible thing ever discovered, but it can be made the most useful…” (Koeller). Truman knew that the atomic bomb was a necessary evil and many people of that era agreed with him in thinking that the Atomic Bomb was the answer to the end of the war.  However some historians believe that the creation of the Atomic Bomb was the most terrible invention by man to date (Koeller). The dropping of the atomic bomb has been a controversial issue ever since the end of the Second World War. The dropping of the Atomic Bomb on both Hiroshima and Nagasaki was a necessary course of action for the United States, resulting in the end of War World II, thousands of saved American lives, and a powerful statement being made, both to  Japan and the entire world, that America was going to stand strong against any act of terrorism.

            The dropping of the Atomic Bombs were one of the main causes for the end of the Second World War. The dropping of “Little Boy” on Hiroshima and “Fat Man” on Nagasaki persuaded the Japanese government to sign the conditional surrender to the United States (Weber). The United States had been fighting against the Japanese forces in the Pacific islands for over three years and knew that the Japanese were not going to surrender easily (“World War II: Timeline”). The Japanese had demonstrated near-fanatical resistance, fighting to almost the last man on the Pacific islands, committing mass suicide on Saipan and unleashing kamikaze, also known as suicide fighters, attacks at Okinawa. Fire bombings form the United States had killed 100,000 in Tokyo with no discernible political effect (“Seattle Times Trinity”). So the United States realized that only the atomic bomb could jolt Japan's leadership to surrender.  For the many young Americans who were fighting the Japanese in such bitter combat, their attitude was “Thank God for the Atomic Bomb.” 

However, there are many people who say that the Second World War would have ended without the use of the Atomic Bomb. For example months before the end of the war, many Japanese leaders recognized that their defeat was inevitable, and by April of 1945 a new government began with the mission of ending the war very soon (Weber). Also, many American officials knew from intercepted messages from the leaders of Japan that Japan were seeking to end the war on favorable terms. Lastly, Japan had already been defeated militarily by June of 1945, and almost nothing was left of the once mighty Japanese navy and air force (Koeller).  

            Although, it seems the Japanese were ready to surrender and end the war they were not ready to agree to the unconditional surrender. The Japanese would not agree to a complete surrender of all Japanese forces and arms, at home, on island possessions, and in occupied countries (Weber).  Japanese would also not agree to relinquish all of the territory seized during the war, a regulation of Japanese industry to stop production of any weapons and other tools of war and release of all prisoners of war and surrender of designated war criminals (Weber). These were all necessary things that the Japanese needed to do for the war to end. However on September 2^nd, 1945 almost a month after the dropping of the first Atomic Bomb, the Japanese leaders signed the conditional surrender while aboard the US battleship Missouri in the Tokyo Bay (Weber).  

            The dropping of the two atomic bombs, “Little Boy” and “Fat Man” on Hiroshima and Nagasaki saved the lives of countless Americans.  President Truman defended his decision to use the Atomic Bomb, claiming that it "saved millions of lives" by bringing the war to an end quickly (Weber).  Justifying his decision, he went so far as to state that: "The world will note that the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, a military base. That was because we wished in this first attack to avoid, insofar as possible, the killing of civilians" (Weber). An outstanding amount of American soldiers were killed during the many battles that occurred in the pacific islands. The dropping of the atomic bomb ended the Second World War, thus many American lives were saved because there no longer would be any fighting or blood shed between the Japanese and the Americans who were fighting in the war.  

            Despite the fact that many American lives were saved, the amount of deaths and casualties of the people of Hiroshima and Nagasaki that occurred were devastating. The explosion of “Little Boy” on Hiroshima alone destroyed more than four square miles of the city center, and about 90,000 people were killed immediately, 40,000 were injured and many died days later in agony because of the radiation from the bomb (Koeller). The second bomb, “Fat Man” on Nagasaki, killed over 30,000 people and injured over 40,000. The two bombs together killed an estimated 200,000 Japanese civilians (“The Atomic Bomb and the End of World War II”).  In one of Truman’s journals he asked himself, “My God, what have we done?” (Koeller).  Also, the two cities were of limited military value and the majority of the people were civilians. Lastly, the devastation of the two Atomic Bombs was evident but the true damage would not be realized until many years later (Gode).  For example, the radiation from the two Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki still effect the people and many people are dying today of rare cancers because of the amount of radiation that is still in those cities (Gode).

            The devastation of the amount of deaths and casualties of the innocent civilians from Hiroshima and Nagasaki was horrendous. However, the two cities would have been fire bombed anyway, if they had not been bombed with the Atomic Bomb (“The Atomic Bomb and the End of World War II”).  Also, an invasion instead of dropping the Atomic Bombs would have caused possibly even more casualties and deaths than that of Hiroshima and Nagasaki for both the Americans and the Japanese (“Seattle Times Trinity”).  Lastly, the dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki saved the lives of countless Americans and at that time was more important to the American people.

            The bombings on Hiroshima and Nagasaki could be seen as a vengeful act in response to the bombing on Pearl Harbor on December 7^th, 1941 (“World War II: Timeline”). Also, the dropping of the Atomic Bombs “Little Boy” and “Fat Man” made a statement to japan and to the rest of the world that the United States is a very powerful country, and that the United States will not stand for any act of terrorism against them(“The Atomic Bomb and the End of World War II”).  Lastly, the United States was standing up for itself first by declaring war on Japan and entering into the Second World War and then by dropping the Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to protect many innocent Americans and to show the Japanese as well as the rest of the world that Pearl Harbor was not a necessary action (Weber).

            However, some historians believe that the dropping of the Atomic bombs were wrong. The dropping of the Atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki could also be seen as an act of terrorism against the Japanese. The bombing of Pearl Harbor and the bombings of the two cities in japan were all unjust; and two wrongs don’t make a right.  Also, Pearl Harbor was a military base and the two cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were not (Koeller). Instead of an actual Atomic bombing over Hiroshima and Nagasaki, a demonstration explosion over Tokyo would have convinced the leaders and the people of Japan that what they did was not a justifiable action without having to kill countless innocent Japanese civilians (“Seattle Times Trinity”). Lastly, there were more deaths, casualties and lasting effects caused by the bombs “Little Boy” and “Fat Man," on Hiroshima and Nagasaki than the bombing of Pearl Harbor.

            The effects from the Atomic Bombs that were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki were far worse than the effects of the bombing of Pearl Harbor.  The number of deaths and casualties caused from the dropping of the Atomic Bombs are tremendously higher than those of the bombing of Pearl Harbor by Japan (“The Atomic Bomb and the End of World War II”). However, in 1945 when the United States was at war with the county that made them enter into the Second World War, the only way the Americans felt they could get out of the war was to drop the Atomic bomb, which would force an unconditional surrender from Japan (Koeller).

 The United States needed to protect its people, and President Truman and his advisors knew they must drop the Atomic Bomb on Japan to ultimately end the war. On August 6^th 1945 the world entered the atomic age (Weber). The use of the Atomic bomb was beneficial because the immediate use of the bomb convinced the world of its horror and prevented future use when nuclear stockpiles were far larger (“Seattle Times Trinity”). The dropping of the Atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki were a beneficial and necessary action for the United States because it hindered the Second World War, saved thousands of Americans lives and was a statement against any act of terrorism not only against the United States but throughout the world as well.

           

                                                                                                                                                           

Works Cited:

Gode, Yash. "Atomic Bomb Effects." Buzzle Web Portal: Intelligent Life on the Web. Web. 29   Nov. 2011. http://www.buzzle.com/articles/atomic-bomb-effects.html.

Koeller, David W. "Atomic Bomb Dropped on Hiroshima: 1945." Then Again. . . Web. 28 Nov.   2011. http://www.thenagain.info/webchron/world/hiroshima.html.

"The Atomic Bomb and the End of World War II: A Collection of Primary Sources." The                         George Washington University. Web. 28 Nov. 2011.             http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB162/index.htm.

"Seattle Times Trinity Web: Dropping the Bomb." The Seattle Times | Seattle Times Newspaper.   Web. 27 Nov. 2011.   http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/special/trinity/supplement/procon.html.

Weber, Mark. "Was Hiroshima Necessary?" Institute for Historical Review. Web. 27 Nov. 2011.             http://www.ihr.org/jhr/v16/v16n3p-4_Weber.html.

"World War II: Timeline." United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Web. 29 Nov. 2011.             http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007306.

                                                                                                       

Essay 4!!!

The Atomic Bomb was Justified

            The commonly accepted definition of an Atomic Bomb is a bomb that is powered by nuclear fission and therefore produces a quick release of energy and great destruction. The United States was the first country to use the Atomic Bomb. The first Atomic Bomb was dropped on august 6^th 1945 on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. Another Atomic Bomb was dropped just three days later on August 9^th 1945 on the Japanese city of Nagasaki. Each bomb had their own name, the bomb dropped on Hiroshima was called “Little Boy” and the bomb dropped on Nagasaki was called “Fat Man.” The  President at the time of the dropping of the  Atomic Bomb was Harry S. Truman said in regard to the Atomic Bomb  “Its seems to be the most terrible thing ever discovered, but it can be made the most useful…”(Koeller). Truman knew that the atomic bomb was a necessary evil. Many people of that era saw the Atomic Bomb as the answer to the end of the war.  However some historians believe that the creation of the Atomic Bomb was the most terrible invention (Koeller). The dropping of the atomic bomb has been a controversial issue ever since the end of the Second World War. The dropping of the Atomic Bomb on both Hiroshima and Nagasaki was a necessary course of action for the United States, resulting in the end of War World II, thousands of saved American lives, and a powerful statement being made, both to  Japan and the entire world, that America was going to stand strong against any act of terrorism.

            The dropping of the Atomic Bombs were one of the main causes for the end of the Second World War. The dropping of “Little Boy” on Hiroshima and “Fat man” on Nagasaki persuaded the Japanese government to sign the conditional surrender to the United States (Weber). The United States had been fighting against the Japanese forces in the Pacific islands for over three years and knew that the Japanese were not going to surrender easily (“World War II: Timeline”). The Japanese had demonstrated near-fanatical resistance, fighting to almost the last man on the Pacific islands, committing mass suicide on Saipan and unleashing kamikaze, also known as suicide fighters, attacks at Okinawa. Fire bombings form the United States had killed 100,000 in Tokyo with no discernible political effect (“Seattle”). So the United States realized that only the atomic bomb could jolt Japan's leadership to surrender.  For the many young Americans who were fighting the Japanese in such bitter combat, their attitude was “Thank God for the Atomic Bomb.”    

However, there are many people who say that the Second World War would have ended without the use of the Atomic Bomb. For example months before the end of the war, many Japanese leaders recognized that their defeat was inevitable, and by April of 1945 a new government began with the mission of ending the war very soon (Weber). Also, many American officials knew from intercepted messages from the leaders of Japan that Japan were seeking to end the war on favorable terms. Lastly, Japan had already been defeated militarily by June of 1945, and almost nothing was left of the once mighty imperial navy and air force.

            Although, it seems the Japanese were ready to surrender and end the war they were not ready to agree to the unconditional surrender. The Japanese would not agree to a complete surrender of all Japanese forces and arms, at home, on island possessions, and in occupied countries, Japanese relinquishment of all territory seized during the war, regulation of Japanese industry to halt production of any weapons and other tools of war and release of all prisoners of war and surrender of designated war criminals. These were all necessary things that the Japanese needed to do for the war to end. However on September 2^nd, 1945 almost a month after the dropping of the first Atomic Bomb, the Japanese signed the surrender while aboard the US battleship Missouri in Tokyo Bay (Weber).  

            The dropping of the two atomic bombs, “Little Boy” and “Fat Man” on Hiroshima and Nagasaki saved the lives of countless Americans.  President Truman defended his decision to use the Atomic Bomb, claiming that it "saved millions of lives" by bringing the war to a quick end. Justifying his decision, he went so far as to declare: "The world will note that the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, a military base. That was because we wished in this first attack to avoid, insofar as possible, the killing of civilians." The dropping of the atomic bomb ended the Second World War, thus many American lives were saved because there would be no more fighting and blood shed between the Japanese and the Americans.  

            Despite the fact that many American lives were saved, the amount of deaths and casualties of the people of Hiroshima and Nagasaki that occurred was devastating. The explosion of “Little Boy” on Hiroshima alone destroyed more than four square miles of the city center, and about 90,000 people were killed immediately, 40,000 were injured and many died days later in agony because of the radiation from the bomb. The second bomb, “Fat Man” killed over 30,000 people and injured over 40,000. The two bombs together killed an estimated 200,000 Japanese civilians. In one of Truman’s journals he asked himself, “My God, what have we done?” Also, the two cities were of limited military value and the majority of the people were civilians. Lastly, the devastation of the two Atomic Bombs was evident but the true damage would not be realized until many years later.

            The devastation of the amount of deaths and casualties of the innocent civilians from Hiroshima and Nagasaki was horrendous. The two cities would have been fire bombed anyway, if they had not been bombed with the Atomic Bomb. Also, an invasion instead of the dropping the Atomic Bombs, would have caused possible more casualties than that of Hiroshima and Nagasaki for both the Americans and the Japanese. Lastly, the dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki of saved the lives of countless Americans and at the time was more important to the American people.

            The bombings on Hiroshima and Nagasaki could be seen as a vengeful act in response to the bombing on Pearl Harbor on December 7^th, 1941 (“World War II: Timeline”). Also, the dropping of the bombs “Little Boy” and “Fat Man” made a statement to japan and to the rest of the world that the United States is a very powerful country, and that the United States will not stand for any act of terrorism against them. Lastly, the United States was standing up for itself by entering into the Second World War and by dropping the Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to protect many innocent Americans and to show the Japanese as well as the rest of the world that Pearl Harbor was wrong.

            However some historians believe that the dropping of the Atomic bombs were wrong. The dropping of the Atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki could also be seen as an act of terrorism against the Japanese. The bombing of Pearl Harbor and the bombings of the two cities in japan were all unjust; two wrongs don’t make a right.  Also, Pearl Harbor was a military base and the two cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were not. Instead of an actual Atomic bombing over Hiroshima and Nagasaki, a demonstration explosion over Tokyo would have convinced the leaders and the people of japan that what they did was wrong without having to kill countless innocent Japanese civilians (“Seattle Times”).   Lastly, there were more deaths, casualties and lasting effects caused by the bombs “Little Boy” and “Fat Man," than the bombing of Pearl Harbor.

            The effects from the Atomic Bombs that were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki were far worse than the effects of the bombing of Pearl Harbor.  The number of deaths and casualties caused from the dropping of the Atomic Bombs are tremendously higher than those of the bombing of Pearl Harbor by Japan. However, in 1945 when the United States was at war with the county that made them enter into the Second World War, the only way the Americans felt they could get out was to drop the Atomic bomb, which would force an unconditional surrender from Japan.

 The United States needed to protect its people, and President Truman and his advisors knew they must drop the Atomic Bomb on Japan to end the war. The use of the Atomic bomb was beneficial because the immediate use of the bomb convinced the world of its horror and prevented future use when nuclear stockpiles were far larger. The dropping of the Atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki were a beneficial and necessary action for the United States because it hindered the Second World War, saved thousands of Americans lives and was a statement against any act of terrorism not only for the United States but for the World.

           

                                                                                                                                                           

Works Cited:

"Atomic Bomb Dropped on Hiroshima: 1945." Then Again. . . Web. 28 Nov. 2011.             http://www.thenagain.info/webchron/world/hiroshima.html.

Koeller, David W. "Atomic Bomb Dropped on Hiroshima: 1945." Then Again. . . Web. 28 Nov.   2011. http://www.thenagain.info/webchron/world/hiroshima.html.

"The Atomic Bomb and the End of World War II: A Collection of Primary Sources." The                         George Washington University. Web. 28 Nov. 2011.             http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB162/index.htm.

"Seattle Times Trinity Web: Dropping the Bomb." The Seattle Times | Seattle Times Newspaper.   Web. 27 Nov. 2011.   http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/special/trinity/supplement/procon.html.

Weber, Mark. "Was Hiroshima Necessary?" Institute for Historical Review. Web. 27 Nov. 2011.             http://www.ihr.org/jhr/v16/v16n3p-4_Weber.html.

"World War II: Timeline." United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Web. 29 Nov. 2011.             http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007306.

                                                                                                       

essay 4!!

Hi,

In my last post i decided what I'm doing for my essay. Im doing whether or not the dropping of the atomic bomb was right. My opinion is that the dropping of the atomic bomb was right because it saved the lives of many American lives.

Cathy

Topic For Essay 4!!

Hi,

   My topic for essay 4 is whether or not the dropping of the Atomic Bomb to end WW2 was right or not.
I will take each side of this argument, i will explain how the dropping of Atomic bombs on Nagasaki, and Hiroshima were the right thing to do, to save lives of millions of Americans. However, i will also have to take the other side and see how dropping the bombs were wrong because of the many lives of Japanese that were taken.


Cathy

Final Draft of essay 3!!!

Cathy Herndon

Dr. Kerr

English 101-23

25 October 2011

Causes of World War Two

                World War two began in 1939, and ended in 1945 (“World War II: Timeline”). World was Two was fought in Europe and in the Pacific.  The Second World War was fought between the allied and axis powers. The allied powers were the United States, the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom. The axis powers were Nazi Germany, Italy, and Japan.  The main causes of world war two were the failure of the League of Nations, the Treaty of Versailles, and the bombing of Pearl Harbor.

                The failure of the League of Nations was a major cause of World War Two. The League of Nations came into effect after the end of the First World War. The League of Nation's task was simple, it was to ensure that war never broke out again, and many looked to the League to bring stability to the world (“Long Term”). The only way to avoid a repeat of all of the disaster and destruction of World War One was to create an international body whose sole purpose was to maintain world peace that would sort out international disputes (“Long Term”).  A Nobel Peace Prize Laureate and English politician, Arthur Henderson once said “the first condition of success for the League of Nations is, therefore, a firm understanding between the British Empire and the United States of America and France and Italy that there will be no competitive building up of fleets or armies between them” (“Quotes with League of Nations”).  After the devastation of the First World War, support for such a good idea was drastically needed (“Long Term”).   The League of Nations was set up to keep the world at peace, however this failed and the world went back to war.

            The treaty of Versailles was another major cause of World War Two. The Treaty of Versailles was signed in 1918 after the end of World War, as a peace settlement. Much of the land that Germany had acquired during World War One was taken away from it as an agreement under the Treaty of Versailles (“The Treaty of Versailles”). A famous German politician, Gustav Stresemann, stated, “as a consequence of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles the officer corps of the old army became part of this class, as did the part of the younger generation who, in the old Germany would have become civil servants” (Versailles Quotes”). Also, Germany had to admit that they were fully responsible for starting the war. So therefore Germany was also responsible for all the war damage caused by the First World of War (“The Treaty of Versailles”). So the German government had to pay for all the damage that was done during the war, the bulk of which would go to France and Belgium (“The Treaty of Versailles”). This costed a large amount of money that was well beyond Germany’s ability to pay, so this made the German government very angry and was a major cause of World War Two.

                 The bombing of Pearl Harbor was a main cause of World War Two. On the morning of December 7, 1941, hundreds of Japanese fighter planes attacked the American naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii (“World War II: Timeline”). The ambush lasted just about two hours, but it was devastating. The Japanese managed to destroy nearly 20 American naval ships, and almost 200 airplanes (“Pearl Harbor”). More than 2,000 Americans soldiers and sailors died in the attack, and another 1,000 were wounded (“Pearl Harbor”) The day after the assault, President Franklin D. Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on Japan and Congress approved (Pearl Harbor”). Three days later, Japanese allies Germany and Italy also declared war on the United States. More than two years into the conflict, America had finally joined World War II (“World War II: Timeline”). Joe Baca, a congressman from California stated “Pearl Harbor caused our Nation to wholeheartedly commit to winning World War II, changing the course of our Nation’s history and the world’s history” (“Pearl Harbor Day Quotes”). This was a main cause of world war two because this event caused the United States to enter into the war, which really heightened what was already going on in Europe.

World war two was the last of the World wars. This war had many effects on the world. World War II helped to get the world out of the Great depression by giving people jobs in factories, making weapons and planes for the war. Another, the effect of World War Two was the potential for other wars because of the creation of the atomic bomb. The Second World War was caused by the failure of the League of Nations, the Treaty of Versailles and the bombing of Pearl Harbor.

           

               

Works Cited

"Long Term Causes of World War Two." History Learning Site. Web. 19 Oct. 2011.                              http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/long_term_causes_of_world_war_tw.htm.

"Pearl Harbor Day Quotes Reflect The History." HULIQ: First in Current News. Web. 25 Oct. 2011.                 http://www.huliq.com/8059/89453/pearl-harbor-day-quotes.

"Pearl Harbor — History.com Articles, Video, Pictures and Facts." History.com — History Made Every Day             — American & World History. Web. 20 Oct. 2011. http://www.history.com/topics/pearl-harbor.

"Quotes with League of Nations." Quotes: Collect, Share and Browse | Quotesea.com. Web. 25 Oct.       2011. http://www.quotesea.com/quotes/with/league-of-nations.

"The Treaty of Versailles." History Learning Site. History Learning Site. Web. 19 Oct. 2011.                                             http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/treaty_of_versailles.htm.

"Versailles Quotes - BrainyQuote." Famous Quotes at BrainyQuote. BrainyQuote. Web. 25 Oct. 2011.                 http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/keywords/versailles.html.

"World War II: Timeline." World War Two Timeline. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 6 Jan.                   2011. Web. 19 Oct. 2011. http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007306.

Cathy Herndon

Dr. Kerr

English 101-23

20 October 2011

Causes of World War Two

                World War two began in 1939, and ended in 1945.  World War Two was between the allied and axis powers. The allied powers were the United States, the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom. The axis powers were Nazi Germany, Italy, and japan. The man causes of world war two were the failure of the League of Nations, the Treaty of Versailles, and the bombing of Pearl Harbor.

            The failure of the League of Nations was a major cause of World War Two. The League of Nations came into being after the end of World war one. The League of Nation's task was simple - to ensure that war never broke out again, many looked to the League to bring stability to the world. The only way to avoid a repetition of such a disaster of World War One was to create an international body whose sole purpose was to maintain world peace and which would sort out international disputes as and when they occurred. This would be the task of the League of Nations. After the devastation of the war, support for such a good idea was great (Long Term). The League of Nations was set up keep the world at peace. However, this failed and the world went back to war.

            The treaty of Versailles was another major cause of World War Two. The Treaty of Versailles was the peace settlement signed after World War One had ended in 1918. The treaty can be divided into a number of sections; territorial, military, financial and general. The following land was taken away from Germany :Alsace-Lorraine (given to France), Eupen and Malmedy (given to Belgium),Northern Schleswig (given to Denmark),Hultschin (given to Czechoslovakia), West Prussia, Posen and Upper Silesia (given to Poland). The Saar, Danzig and Memel were put under the control of the League of Nations and the people of these regions would be allowed to vote to stay in Germany or not in a future referendum. The League of Nations also took control of Germany's overseas colonies. Germany had to return to Russia land taken in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. Some of this land was made into new states : Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia. An enlarged Poland also received some of this land. Germany had to admit full responsibility for starting the war. This was Clause 231 - the infamous "War Guilt Clause".  Germany, as she was responsible for starting the war as stated in clause 231, was, therefore responsible for all the war damage caused by the First World War. Therefore, she had to pay reparations, the bulk of which would go to France and Belgium to pay for the damage done to the infrastructure of both countries by the war. Quite literally, reparations would be used to pay for the damage to be repaired. Payment could be in kind or cash. The figure was not set at Versailles - it was to be determined later. The Germans were told to write a blank cheque which the Allies would cash when it suited them. The figure was eventually put at £6,600 million - a huge sum of money well beyond Germany’s ability to pay.

                 The bombing of Pearl Harbor was a main cause of World War Two. This is what brought the United States into the fight. Just before 8 on the morning of December 7, 1941, hundreds of Japanese fighter planes attacked the American naval base at Pearl Harbor near Honolulu, Hawaii. The barrage lasted just two hours, but it was devastating: The Japanese managed to destroy nearly 20 American naval vessels, including eight enormous battleships, and almost 200 airplanes. More than 2,000 Americans soldiers and sailors died in the attack, and another 1,000 were wounded. The day after the assault, President Franklin D. Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on Japan; Congress approved his declaration with just one dissenting vote. Three days later, Japanese allies Germany and Italy also declared war on the United States, and again Congress reciprocated. More than two years into the conflict, America had finally joined World War II.

            World war two was the last of the World wars. This war had many effects on the world. The main causes of World War Two were the failure of the League of Nations, the Treaty of Versailles, and the bombing of Pearl Harbor.

            I am missing my quotes, and i need to make my conclusion and introduction better.

Cathy

focus for essay 3

hi,
      For essay 3, you can either do a cause essay or an effect essay. i am going to do the causes of World War Two. World war two has many causes. i plan to in my intro to put some background information and my thesis. my thesis will be: the main causes of world war two were the failure of the League of Nations, the treaty of Versailles, and the bombing of Pearl Harbor. in my first body paragraph, i plan to explain why the failure of the league of nations was a major cause of world war two. In my second body paragraph i plan to describe how the treaty of Versailles was an important cause of World War Two. in my last body paragraph i plan to describe and explain how the bombing of Pearl Harbor was a major cause of World War Two. in my conclusion, i plan to restate me thesis, and explain some of the effects and results of World War Two. that is my plan and focus for essay 3.
 Cathy

essay 3!!! what do i already know?

hi,
   the focus for essay three is to either co the causes or the effects of an event or something. I'm am doing the causes of world war two. the causes that i already know are:

  - Germany invades Poland
   - the bombing of pearl harbor
   - the sinking of ships
   - the failure of the league of nations
 these are all of the things that i already know as you can tell there are many things that i still need to learn!

Cathy
  

Final Draft of essay two!!

The 1920’s and the 1930’s

            The 1920’s and 1930’s were both very memorable decades in American history. The 1920’s brought with it a sense of adventure. The 1920’s were known as the “Roaring Twenties,” but with the end of the twenties and the beginning of the thirties brought the biggest economic down fall in United States history; the Great Depression. With the passing of the eighteenth amendment which started the era of prohibition, it also brought with it a very dangerous side that of the speakeasies and organized crime (“Roaring”). While the 1930’s brought with it a sense of desperation and despair, which was direct result of the Great Depression (“Snapshot”). There are many aspects of each decade that differ but the most significant differences are the family roles, the economy, and the culture.

            The family roles of the 1920’s differ from that of the 1930’s. In the 1920’s women would in most cases did not go to work. They would stay home with the children or by themselves, while their husbands went off to work every day. The women would be at home cleaning or baking or cooking. However, in 1920, the United States passed the 19^th amendment in which women were granted the right to vote (“Women”). This led to the start of women in the workplace, specifically in office jobs. (“Women”). With the stock market crash of 1929 and the Great Depression, the family changed in very dramatic ways (“Snapshot”). Birth rates dropped, and many couples delayed their marriages. However the divorce rate went down because no one could afford the cost of the legal fees (“Snapshot”). Many families suffered a dramatic loss of income, which put a great deal of stress on the families. Traditional roles within the family changed a lot during the 1930’s. Many men would found themselves out of work and would ultimately have to rely on their wives and children to bring home the families income (“Snapshot”). However some women found that their status’ had been enhanced by their new roles, so these women went against all previous historic opposition of unmarried women working outside the home, to support their families (“Snapshot”).

            The economy is another difference between the 1920’s and the 1930’s. The new decade which was called the “Roaring Twenties,” would be known as a time of change for everyone (“Roaring Twenties”). At the beginning of the twenties, the United States was adapting from wartime to a peacetime economy (“Roaring”). When the weapons manufacturing for world war one was no longer needed, there was a temporary hold on the economy (“Roaring Twenties”). However, after a few years the country bloomed, and in this decade the United Sates became the richest nation on Earth (“Roaring Twenties”).  October 24, 1929, was the infamous stock market crash, which led to more than a decade of despair and depression (“Roaring Twenties”). In 1929 only three percent of Americans were without a job but by 1933, the unemployment rate had grew to nearly twenty-five percent (“Snapshot”). The life of the people that felt the hardship of the great depression were drastically changed. Between 1929 and 1932 the average income of an American family was decreased by forty percent, from two thousand three hundred dollars to one thousand five hundred dollars (“American”). For American’s in the 1930’s the keyword was survival, not advancement.

            The culture of the 1920’s is dramatically different than that of the 1930’s. With the ending of the First World War brought a new outlook on life, which flowed nicely into the new decade. The 1920’s were called the “Roaring Twenties” or a time of celebration, because the United States was going though such great economic, cultural, and industrial prosperity (“Roaring”). The women of the “Roaring Twenties,” are great example of how the culture had changed from that of the decade before. The women adopted new fashion ideas, haircuts became shorter, and so did the clothing (“Women”). A major symbol of the 20’s was the flapper. Flappers were younger women that typically had a short bob like hair style, and wore shorter dresses than that of what their mothers would have worn when they were their age (“Women”). People of the United States may have gone to dance marathon. Dance marathons were popular; the most common dances were the “shimmy,” and the “Charleston” (“The 1920’s”).  The story is not the same for the 1930’s. Because, of the Great Depression many people could not afford to go places. So many people would just stay at home with their families. While at home the family would listen to the radio together, if they had one (“Snapshot”). They didn’t have the opportunity or the money to go and do thing that they could have in the 1920’s.

            In the 1920’s the United States was the land of possibility and in the 1930’s it became the land of desperation. America had been the land of hope and anticipation and became the land of sorrow. The family roles, the economy and the culture drastically changed between the 1920’s and the 1930’s. The main reason why the United States became such a land of hopelessness was because of the stock market crash of 1929, which ultimately led to the Great Depression. It was not until 1940 with the start of World War Two, and the military buildup that took up America, that this nation’s economy improved, and the Great Depression faded into history (“Snapshot”).

Works Cited

"American Cultural History - 1930-1939." LSC-Kingwood Library. Web. 02 Oct. 2011. http://kclibrary.lonestar.edu/decade30.html.

"Roaring Twenties." United States American History. Web. 02 Oct. 2011. http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1564.html. 

"The 1920's." Kyrene School District - Redirect. Web. 04 Oct. 2011. http://www.kyrene.org/schools/brisas/sunda/decade/1920.htm.

"Snapshots - America in the 1930s." Eyewitness to History - History through the Eyes of Those Who Lived It. Web. 02 Oct. 2011. http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/snprelief.htm.

"Women Gain Rights, Faison, and Flappers." The Roaring Twenties. World News, 2000. Web. 2 Oct. 2011. http://library.thinkquest.org/C005846/categories/worldnews/worldn.htm.

Essay 2, compare and Contrast Rough Draft

Cathy Herndon

Professor Kerr

Essay two, compare and contrast

September 30^th 2011

The 1920’s and the 1930’s

            The 1920’s and 1930’s were both very memorable decades in American history. The 1920’s were known as the roaring twenties, but with the end of the twenties and the beginning of the thirties brought the biggest economic decline in United States history. The great depression.  The family roles, the economy and the culture are what make the nineteen twenties and t5he nineteen thirties different.

            The family roles of the 1920’s and the 1930’s differ as well. The 1920, the United States passed the 19^th amendment in which women were granted suffrage (“women”). Women started to advance in the work place as more females were getting hired for office jobs (“Women”). With the stock market crash of 1929 and the great depression, the family changed in very dramatic ways (“Snapshot”). Birth rates dropped, and many couples delayed there marriages. However the divorce rate went down because no none could afford the cost of the legal fees *. Many families suffered a dramatic loss of income, which put a great deal of stress on the families. Traditional roles within the family changed a lot during the 1930’s. Men would find themselves out of work and they would have to rely on their wives and children to make ends meet. Some men became so frustrated with not being able to find work; they completely walked out on their families. A 1940 survey revealed that 1.5 million married women had been abandoned by their husbands (“Snapshot”). However some women found that their status’ enhanced by their new roles, so they went against historic opposition of unmarried women working outside the home to help support their families (“Snapshot”).

            The economy is another difference between the 1920’s and the 1930’s. The new decade that was called the roaring twenties, would be known as a time of change for everyone (“Roaring Twenties”). At the beginning of the twenties, the United States was converting from wartime to a peacetime economy. When the weapons from world war one were no longer needed, there was a temporary hold on the economy (“Roaring Twenties”). After a few years the country prospered, in this decade the united sates became the richest nation on earth (“Roaring Twenties”).  No one suspected that anything bad would happen on October 24, 1929, with the infamous stock market crash, which lead to more than a decade of dipair and depression would follow such a time of happiness and prosperity (“Roaring Twenties”). In 1926 only three percent of Americans were without a job, but by 1933, the unemployment rate had risen to twenty-five percent (“Snapshot”). The great depression did not affect everyone the same. The richer people never felt the devastating impact at all; up to forty percent of the county never faces real hardship during the Great Depression (“Snapshot”). However, the live of the people that did feel the hardship of the great depression were drastically changed. Between 1929 and 1932 the income of the average American family was reduced by forty percent, from two thousand three hundred dollars to one thousand five hundred dollars (American”).Instead of advancement, survival became the keyword for Americans in the 1930’s.

           

               

Works Cited

"American Cultural History - 1930-1939." LSC-Kingwood Library. Web. 02 Oct. 2011. http://kclibrary.lonestar.edu/decade30.html.

"Roaring Twenties." United States American History. Web. 02 Oct. 2011. http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1564.html. 

"Snapshots - America in the 1930s." Eyewitness to History - History through the Eyes of Those Who Lived It. Web. 02 Oct. 2011. http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/snprelief.htm.

"Women Gain Rights, Faison, and Flappers." The Roaring Twenties. World News, 2000. Web. 2 Oct. 2011. http://library.thinkquest.org/C005846/categories/worldnews/worldn.htm.

cathy, p.s. this is just my raugh draft so this is not finished.

what do i still need to know?

Hi,
  In my last post i stated all of the things that i know about the 1920's and the 1930's. here are the things that i still need to know.
          - How was the way of life different between the 1920's and the 1930's?
          - Was everyone effected during the sock market crash of 1929?
          - How did the great depression lead into World War two?
          - Why were the 1920's called the "roaring twenties"?
          - Why did the stock Market crash?
          - How did the Great Depression affect the rest of the world outside of the united states?
   These are the questions that i need to answer so that way i can have the most accurate essay. if there are any other questions that need to be asked please tell me.
   Cathy

what do i already know?

Hi,
 this is our second essay of the class. i am going to be comparing and contrasting the 1920's and the 1930's. this is what i already know

         1920's:
             - called the roaring twenties
             - great economy
             - ended the Prohibition
             - lavish wealth
             - a luxurious time period
             - end of the decade lead to the great depression

        1930's:
             - the great depression
             - the worst financial fallout to date
             - lead to the world war two
 there are still so many things that i still need to know about these two decades, if you have anything to add please tell me.

         Cathy

essay 2 compare and contrast

hi,
      This next essay is about comparing and contrasting two concepts or things. i have come up with many different things to compare and contrast, so i had to narrow my list down a bit. so now i just have two ideas. Here they are:
                  i will compare and contrast Hitler and Stalin,
                                                 or
                 i will compare and contrast the 1920's and the 1930's.

     This essay has to have a great introduction and conclustion. I am not always so great at them so this essay will most likely be a challenge for me. If i were to do the first option my introduction would include some background on both of the people, and then i would state my three part thesis in which i would say how their beliefs, and culture were different. If i were to choose the second option, my introduction would include background on each time, and my three part thesis in which i would say the ecomomy, life style, and national of the counrty were differnet for each decade.
      I still have to decide which one to use, but if think one is better than the other or have any other suggestion, please tell me.
      
      Cathy

Final draft of essay one

Cathy Herndon

Professor Kerr

EN 101-23

14 September 2011

The Holocaust

            In January of 1933, the Nazi party took control of Germany; they believed that German’s were “racially superior” and that the Jews were inferior to them (Introduction). The Nazi’s also thought that the Jews were a danger to their so-called “German racial community” (Introduction). The Holocaust which occurred in Europe during the Second World War was the result of one man's idea of a "perfect race”, a persecution of specific peoples, and a premeditated mass genocide.

            The Holocaust came from the idea of one man, Adolf Hitler. Hitler had many followers who then began to have the same ideals as him. Hitler had similar beliefs of that of the German social Darwinists of the late ninetieth century (Victims).  The Nazis and the Darwinists both had similar beliefs of evolution. The Nazis embraced the Darwinist take on their evolutionary theory regarding the “survival of the fittest” method (Victims). For the Nazi’s, survival of a race depended on its capability to reproduce, its amount of land to nourish and feed the expanding population, and its concern in maintaining the pureness of their gene pool. Therefore, presenting the unmatched “racial” characteristics with that of “nature” had equipped it for prosperity in the struggle to survive (Victims). Since each “race” sought to enlarge, and since the space on the earth was precise, the strain for survival resulted in violent conquests and military confrontations. Consequently, war was a part of nature, a part of the human condition (Introduction). To define a race, the social Darwinists united stereotypes, both positive and negative, of ethnic group demeanor, attitude, and culture. For the Nazis, absorption of a member of one race into another was impossible because the original inherited traits could not change, they could only degenerate through so-called “race-mixing”(Victims).  Hitler believed that the Germans were a part of a more superior group of race, that he called the “Aryan” race (Victims). The Aryan race was a perfect society in Hitler’s eyes.  For Hitler and the Nazi’s the Jews were a priority enemy.  They had specific political ideals that Hitler was not appreciative of. Thus, Hitler was ready to make the Aryan race the only race in Europe.

            Between 1933 and 1945, Nazi Germany established about twenty thousand concentration camps, to imprison the victims of the Holocaust (Nazi Camps). The first concentration camp opened on March 22, 1933, the camps first inmates were political prisoners (36 Questions). There were many different types of camps: forced-labor camps, transit camps --which were like temporary way stations-- and death or extermination camps, which were built only for the sole purpose of murdering millions of people (Nazi Camps). There were six extermination camps: Aushwitz-Birkenau, Belzec, Chelmno, Majdanek, Sobibor, and Treblinka, which were all located in Poland (36 Questions). During the Holocaust the German authorities targeted many ethnic peoples because of their racial inferiority: the Jews, the Roma (Gypsies), the disabled, the Poles, the Russians as well as many others (Introduction). Other groups were persecuted on political, social, and behavioral beliefs: the communists, the socialists, the Jehovah’s Witnesses, and the homosexuals (36 questions). 

             The Holocaust was a premeditated genocide of millions of innocent people. During the length of the holocaust over six million Jews died, nearly two thirds of the Jewish population in all of Europe was executed (Holocaust). Between one hundred thousand and two hundred thousand gypsies were persecuted. More than two hundred thousand physically and psychologically disabled Germans were systematically killed as well (Holocaust). The Holocaust was the systematic, state sponsored annihilation and massacre of over six million different groups of people by the Nazi regime (Introduction).

            The Holocaust is a Greek word meaning a sacrifice by fire (Introduction).  The commonly known definition of the Holocaust is the mass murder of Jews and other ethnic, political, and social peoples in Europe between 1940 and 1945, by the Nazi party. In conclusion, the Holocaust is a tragic legacy that is essential to comprehending western civilization, modern authoritative society and human nature as a whole (Victims).  

                                                                             Works Cited

"36 Questions about the Holocaust." Mueseum of Tolerance, Multimedea Learning Center. The     Simon Wiesenthal Center, 1997. Web. 11 Sept. 2011.     <http://motlc.wiesenthal.com/site/pp.asp?c=gvKVLcMVIuG&b=394663>.

 "Holocaust | What Is the Holocaust ?" Projet ALADIN | Accueil. Web. 11 Sept. 2011.             <http://www.projetaladin.org/holocaust/en/history-of-the-holocaust-shoah/holocaust-the-  basics/what-is-the-holocaust.html>.

"Introduction to the Holocaust." United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Web. 11 Sept.         2011.             <http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005143>.

"Nazi Camps." United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Web. 11 Sept. 2011.              <http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005144>.

"Victims of the Nazi Era: Nazi Racial Ideology." United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.       Web. 11 Sept. 2011. <http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007457>.